• Temporal orchestration of birth dating, migration, and differentiation is a recurrent pattern across cortical and subcortical regions, demonstrated by isocortex migrations, prenatal cerebellar cytogenesis, postnatal cerebellar neuron timing, and embryonic neuronal differentiation in multiple species [2], [3], [1], [4], [6], [8], [10].

• Microstructural maturation and synaptogenesis are tracked through ultrastructural growth cone studies, neuronal morphology, and synaptic organization, illustrating progressive circuit diversification during postnatal neural development [13], [19], [20].

• Myelination emerges as a central axis of CNS maturation, with longitudinal analysis of myelin lipid and protein composition and region-specific timing from early postnatal life [9], changes in CNS myelin proteins [11], myelin production dynamics in dorsal spinal cord [12], and broader myelin component shifts across CNS [18].

• Regionalization and gyrification metrics reveal divergent ontogenies for cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum, linking structural maturation with architectural patterns such as gyri, cortical differentiation, and cerebellar organization [7], [10], [8], [3], [1].

• Clinical and translational perspectives connect early brain maturation to behavior and outcomes, using human neural-behavioral developmental frameworks and neonatal lesion studies to map brain-behavior relationships [14], [15].